Saturday, September 7, 2013

Indian Spices, their English names and my comments

I have been missing from Blogger for quite some time and now that I am back, I will be regular in posting some of the most delectable recipes from the incredible country called India.  I would start with a list of spices which are found and used in the Kitchen across. 

This list is in no way complete, and I would be updating this as regularly as possible.  If there is something which I missed, do let me know by means of comments and I will update is at the earliest.



Indian NameEnglish Name Comments
Adrak  Ginger  Used as fresh and also Dried Powder form, 
see "Sonth"
Aamchur/Amchoor powder  Sour mango powder  gives fish curries tartness
Ajmud  Celery / radhuni seed 
Ajwain  Carom/thyme seed 
Amla  Indian gooseberry 
Anardana  Pomegranate seed  Dried not fresh. Is ground in Middle East.
Bazil / Basil  Fresh basil 
mayur Badam  Almond 
Choti Elaichi  Green cardamom  Malabar variety is native to Kerala.
Badi Elaichi  Black cardamom  Very earthy and darkly aromatic.
Chakra Phool  Star anise  Exotic, Chinese influenced flavors
Char Magaz  Four seeds  Seeds of Water melon, musk melon,cucumber 
and pumpkin,
Chironji  Charoli  a type of nut particularly used in making desserts
Camiki  Mango extract 
Dalchini  Cinnamon  Grown commercially in Kerala in southern India. 
Two types, cassia (common) and royal.
Dhania/hara dhaniya  Coriander seed 
Garam masala/Kadha Masala  Spice mixture  Blend of 8+ spices. Each family has their own 
secret recipe.
Gulab Jal  Rose water  Flavors desserts. Heavily used in Middle East.
Gur  Jaggery (unrefined sugar)  from the sap of the sugarcane or date palm
Haldi  Turmeric  Source of "yellow color" in many curries.
Hara dhaniya  Fresh coriander  Fresh green leaves. AKA Cilantro.
Harad / hime  Terminalia chebula 
Hari Mirch  Green chili pepper 
Dhania powder/ Pisa Dhania  Coriander powder 
Hing  Asafoetida  Intensely aromatic - related to Truffle and Garlic
Imli  Tamarind  Provides tartness in South Indian curries
Jaiphal  Nutmeg  Whole nuts last forever. Powder, only a month.
Javitri  Mace  Mace is outer covering to nutmeg nut. Similar aroma.
Jeera  Cumin seed  See Kali Jeera.
Jeera Goli  Cumin seed grounded into balls 
Jethimadh  Licorice powder 
Kachra  Capers  also known as Kabra, Karer in Hindi
Kadipatta  Curry tree or sweet neem leaf  Cannot retain flavor when dried. Only use fresh.
Kaju  Cashew nut 
Kala Namak / Sanchal  Black salt  Rock salt, but with very sulfury smell.
Kali Elaichi  Black cardamom  Earthy, much used in North Indian curries.
Kali Mirchi  Black pepper  Largest producer is the southern Indian state of Kerala.
Kalonji  Nigella seed  ??????
Kasoori Methi Dried  Fenugreek leaf 
Katira Goond  Gum tragacanth  A thickener and coating for desserts
Kebab Cheeni / Kabab Chini  Cubeb  Tastes of Clove + Persistent Mild Numbing + Bitterness
Kesar, mayur  Saffron  World's most expensive spice. Flavoring for rice.
Kesar mari mari  Saffron pulp  Actually, safflower concentrate
Khajur  Dates 
Kokum  Garcinia indica 
Khus Khus  Poppy seed 
Kudampuli  Garcinia gummi-gutta  Used in fish preparations of Kerala
Lahsun  Garlic 
Lal Mirchi  Red chili pepper 
Lavang  Cloves  Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka are largest producers in India.
Kali Mirch  Peppercorns 
Methi leaves  Fenugreek leaf 
Methi seeds  Fenugreek seed 
Naaga Keshar  Cinnamon buds 
Namak  Salt 
Nimbu  Lemon / Lime 
Pudina  Mint 
Pyaz / Kanda  Onion 
Panch Phoron  Panch Phoron  This is a Bengali spice mix that combines aniseed, cumin,
 fenugreek, mustard and nigella.
Pathar Ka Phool Kalpasi  Also known as black stone flower
Pippali  Long pepper 
Peeli Mirchi  Yellow pepper 
Rai  Brown mustard seed 
Ratan jot  Alkanet root  Natural Food Coloring agent used to produce an orange color
Safed Mirchi  White pepper 
Saji na phool  Citric acid 
Sarson Mustard seed 
Sarson Oil Mustard oil 
Saunf/Sanchal  Fennel seed 
Syah Jeera  Black Cumin  Smaller in size than regular cumin. Often mistaken as Caraway seed. 
Though English translation is Black Cumin, the term black cumin is 
also used as English translation of Nigella sativa, (kalonji)
Sirka  Vinegar 
Soa sag  Dill 
Sonth  Dried ginger  mostly powdered
Suwa or Shopa  Aniseed 
Tej Patta  Indian bay leaf, bay leaf  Both Indian bay leaf and bay leaf are similar and called as 
Tej Patta in Hindi. however, they are from two different 
species and have differences in taste
Til  Sesame seed 
Tulsi  Holy basil 
Shimla Mirch  Capsicum 
Kala Zeera  Black cumin  Sweet, floral and smoky cumin and anise-like flavor.



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